:root {
  --measure: 46rem;
  color-scheme: light;
  font-family: Charter, "Bitstream Charter", "Iowan Old Style", Georgia, serif;
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.68;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--canvas);
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; scroll-padding-top: 5rem; }
body { margin: 0; }
a { color: var(--link); text-underline-offset: 0.16em; }
a:hover { color: var(--link-hover); }
img, svg { display: block; max-width: 100%; height: auto; }

.skip-link {
  position: fixed;
  z-index: 100;
  top: 0.5rem;
  left: 0.5rem;
  padding: 0.55rem 0.8rem;
  background: var(--ink);
  color: var(--on-ink);
  transform: translateY(-160%);
}
.skip-link:focus { transform: translateY(0); }

.site-bar {
  position: sticky;
  z-index: 20;
  top: 0;
  min-height: 3.5rem;
  padding: 0.65rem clamp(1rem, 3vw, 2.5rem);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1rem;
  color: var(--graphite);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--paper) 94%, transparent);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  font: 600 0.76rem/1.2 system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;
  letter-spacing: 0.025em;
}
.site-mark {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.65rem;
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.site-mark-phone { display: none; }
.site-actions { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: clamp(0.75rem, 2vw, 1.5rem); }
.site-actions a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
.site-mark:hover,
.site-actions a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.site-actions .contents-link,
.site-actions .contents-toggle {
  display: none;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 0.48rem 0.7rem;
  color: inherit;
  background: transparent;
  border: 1px solid var(--graphite);
  border-radius: 0.15rem;
  font: inherit;
  letter-spacing: inherit;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.site-actions .contents-link:hover { text-decoration: none; }
.site-actions .download-link {
  padding: 0.48rem 0.7rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--graphite);
  border-radius: 0.15rem;
}

.publication-layout {
  width: min(100%, 78rem);
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(12rem, 16rem) minmax(0, var(--measure));
  justify-content: center;
  gap: clamp(2.5rem, 6vw, 6rem);
  padding: 3rem clamp(1.1rem, 4vw, 3rem) 6rem;
}
.contents {
  position: sticky;
  top: 5.3rem;
  align-self: start;
  max-height: calc(100vh - 7rem);
  overflow-y: auto;
  padding: 0.4rem 1rem 1rem 0.65rem;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  font: 0.8rem/1.5 system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;
}
.contents-header { display: block; }
.contents-label {
  margin: 0 0 0.8rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.contents-close,
.contents-close-link,
.contents-scrim { display: none; }
.contents ul { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.contents ul ul { margin: 0.45rem 0 0.75rem 0.35rem; }
.contents ul[hidden] { display: none; }
/* The sidebar stops at subsections; deeper headings remain in the paper. */
.contents ul ul ul { display: none; }
.contents li { margin: 0.6rem 0; }
.contents a { color: var(--muted); text-decoration: none; }
.contents a:has(> .toc-section-number) {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.15rem minmax(0, 1fr);
  column-gap: 0.3rem;
}
.contents ul ul a:has(> .toc-section-number) {
  grid-template-columns: 1.9rem minmax(0, 1fr);
}
.contents .toc-section-number { font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
.contents a:hover { color: var(--ink); text-decoration: underline; }
.contents a.is-current {
  position: relative;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 650;
}
.contents a.is-current::before {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0.12em;
  bottom: 0.12em;
  left: -0.55rem;
  width: 0.16rem;
  content: "";
  background: var(--graphite);
}
.contents a.is-current-parent { color: var(--graphite); font-weight: 650; }

.paper {
  min-width: 0;
  padding: clamp(2.3rem, 5vw, 4.5rem) clamp(1.2rem, 5vw, 4.5rem);
  background: var(--paper);
  box-shadow: 0 1px 5px var(--shadow-editorial);
  counter-reset: figure;
}
.paper > * { max-width: var(--measure); margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }
.paper p { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 1.05em; }
.paper h1, .paper h2, .paper h3, .paper h4 {
  color: var(--graphite);
  font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;
  line-height: 1.18;
  letter-spacing: -0.018em;
  word-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-wrap: balance;
}
.paper h1 { margin-top: 3.8rem; margin-bottom: 1.3rem; font-size: clamp(1.65rem, 3vw, 2.2rem); }
.paper h2 { margin-top: 3rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 2vw, 1.55rem); }
.paper h3 { margin-top: 2.2rem; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; font-size: 1.08rem; }
.paper h1, .paper h2 { font-weight: 600; }
.paper h3 { font-weight: 650; }
.citation a {
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  text-decoration-color: color-mix(in srgb, currentColor 42%, transparent);
  text-underline-offset: 0.18em;
  text-decoration-skip-ink: auto;
}
.citation a:hover, .citation a:focus-visible { text-decoration-color: currentColor; }
.paper section:first-of-type > h1:first-child { margin-top: 0; }

.title-page {
  min-height: min(43rem, calc(100vh - 10rem));
  padding-bottom: 3.2rem;
  margin-bottom: 3rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline);
}
.title-page p { margin: 0; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif; }
.title-page > p:first-child {
  padding-top: 0.3rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.title-page > p:nth-child(2) {
  margin-top: 0.4rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
}
.title-page > p:nth-child(3) {
  margin: 3rem 0 2.25rem;
  padding: 1.15rem 0 1.35rem;
  color: var(--graphite);
  border-top: 0.28rem solid var(--graphite);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 4.5vw, 2.9rem);
  font-family: Charter, "Bitstream Charter", "Iowan Old Style", Georgia, serif;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.12;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
  word-spacing: normal;
  text-wrap: balance;
}
.title-page > p:nth-child(n+4) {
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
  color: var(--cover-muted);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
}
.title-page .paper-group {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
  color: var(--graphite);
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.4;
}
.title-page .paper-members-heading {
  display: block;
  padding-top: 1rem;
}
.title-page .paper-organizers-heading {
  display: block;
  padding-top: 0.5rem;
}
.title-page .cover-footer-notes {
  margin-top: 2rem;
  padding-top: 1rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}
.title-page .cover-note p { margin-bottom: 0.7rem; }
.title-page a[href^="#cover-note-"] { text-decoration: none; }
.title-page .paper-subtitle p {
  margin: 0 0 1.5rem;
  padding: 0;
  color: var(--graphite);
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 650;
  line-height: 1.35;
  letter-spacing: normal;
  text-transform: none;
}

.executive-summary {
  margin: 0 0 4rem;
  padding: 1.25rem 1.45rem 0.4rem;
  background: var(--soft);
  border-left: 0.22rem solid var(--graphite);
}
.executive-summary::before {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
  color: var(--graphite);
  content: "Executive summary";
  font: 700 0.76rem/1.2 system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

blockquote {
  margin: 1.7rem 0;
  padding: 0.2rem 0 0.2rem 1.3rem;
  color: var(--quote-text);
  border-left: 0.16rem solid var(--quote-border);
}
blockquote > :last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.paper li { margin: 0.38em 0; }
.paper hr { margin: 3rem 0; border: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--hairline); }

figure { margin: 2.4rem 0; counter-increment: figure; }
figure img { width: 100%; }
/* Center the durability graphic independently of its left-aligned caption. */
figure[id="fig:conditions-for-durability"] > img { margin-inline: auto; }
figcaption {
  margin-top: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--caption);
  font: 0.78rem/1.5 system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;
}
figcaption::before {
  content: "Figure " counter(figure) ". ";
  color: var(--graphite);
  font-weight: 700;
}
figure[data-figure-number] > figcaption::before { content: none; }
figcaption .figure-number { color: var(--graphite); font-weight: 700; }
table { width: 100%; margin: 1.8rem 0; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.86rem; }
th, td { padding: 0.55rem 0.65rem; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline); }
th { color: var(--graphite); font-family: system-ui, sans-serif; font-weight: 700; }
.wide-table-scroll { max-width: 100%; overflow-x: auto; }
.wide-table-scroll table { min-width: 38rem; table-layout: fixed; font-size: 0.72rem; }
.wide-table-scroll th, .wide-table-scroll td { padding: 0.45rem 0.25rem; hyphens: none; }
/* Keep the stock symbol together, and let its column grow rather than overflow
   the exported 9% fixed-width column. Narrow screens retain horizontal scroll. */
.wide-table-scroll table[id^="tab:pre-pause-accelerator-stock-"] { table-layout: auto; }
.wide-table-scroll table[id^="tab:pre-pause-accelerator-stock-"] thead th:nth-child(2) { white-space: nowrap; }

.paper .math.display,
.paper math[display="block"] {
  display: block;
  width: max-content;
  max-width: 100%;
  margin: 1.35rem auto;
  overflow-x: auto;
  overflow-y: hidden;
  text-align: center;
}

.paper .display-with-notes > p:first-child {
  margin: 1.35rem 0;
  text-align: center;
}
.paper .display-with-notes > p:first-child math[display="block"] {
  display: inline-block;
  max-width: calc(100% - 3ch);
  margin: 0;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

.citation { white-space: normal; }
.footnotes-end-of-block math {
  display: inline-block;
  max-width: 100%;
  overflow-x: auto;
  overflow-y: hidden;
  vertical-align: middle;
}
#refs { margin-top: 4rem; padding-top: 1rem; border-top: 2px solid var(--graphite); }
#bibliography { margin-top: 4rem; padding-top: 1rem; border-top: 2px solid var(--graphite); }
#bibliography #refs { margin-top: 0; padding-top: 0; border-top: 0; }
#refs .csl-entry { margin: 0 0 0.85rem; padding-left: 1.6rem; text-indent: -1.6rem; overflow-wrap: anywhere; font-size: 0.86rem; }
#refs .csl-entry a { overflow-wrap: anywhere; }

/* Pandoc places each HTML-only note group immediately after the body block
   containing its reference. At ordinary widths it reads as an inline note. */
.footnotes-end-of-block {
  margin: 0.2rem 0 1rem;
  padding: 0.65rem 0.8rem;
  color: var(--note-text);
  background: var(--note-background);
  border-top: 0;
  border-left: 0.16rem solid var(--note-border);
  font: 0.875rem/1.5 system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;
}
.footnotes-end-of-block ol { margin: 0; padding-left: 1.45rem; }
.footnotes-end-of-block li { margin: 0 0 0.65rem; }
.footnotes-end-of-block li:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.footnotes-end-of-block li::marker { color: var(--note-marker); font-weight: 800; }
.footnotes-end-of-block p { margin: 0; }
.footnotes-end-of-block blockquote {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  color: inherit;
  border-left: 0;
}
.footnotes-end-of-block a,
.footnotes-end-of-block .literal-source-note { overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.footnotes-end-of-block li:target { background: var(--note-highlight); }
.footnote-ref,
.footnotes-end-of-block .footnote-back {
  text-decoration: none;
}
.sidenote-line-anchor {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 0;
  height: 1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  vertical-align: top;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.footnote-ref,
.footnote-callout { white-space: nowrap; }
.footnotes-end-of-block .footnote-back {
  margin-left: 0.25rem;
}
.footnote-ref:focus-visible,
.footnote-back:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--focus);
  outline-offset: 0.14rem;
}

/* When the viewport can hold the TOC, full reading measure, and a genuine
   margin rail, notes sit on the gray page canvas beside the white paper. */
@media screen and (min-width: 78rem) {
  :root {
    --measure: 38rem;
    --sidenote-width: 14rem;
    --sidenote-gap: 2rem;
  }

  .publication-layout {
    width: min(100%, 76rem);
    grid-template-columns: minmax(11rem, 12rem) minmax(0, 58rem);
    gap: 2rem;
    padding-left: 1rem;
    padding-right: 1rem;
  }

  .paper {
    position: relative;
    isolation: isolate;
    padding-left: 3rem;
    padding-right: 17rem;
    background: transparent;
    box-shadow: none;
  }

  .paper::before {
    position: absolute;
    z-index: -1;
    inset: 0 auto 0 0;
    width: calc(100% - var(--sidenote-width) - var(--sidenote-gap));
    content: "";
    background: var(--paper);
    box-shadow: 0 1px 5px var(--shadow-editorial);
    pointer-events: none;
  }

  .paper > * { margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; }

  .footnotes-end-of-block {
    float: right;
    clear: right;
    width: var(--sidenote-width);
    margin: 0.15rem calc(0rem - var(--sidenote-width) - var(--sidenote-gap)) 1rem 1rem;
    padding: 0.45rem 0 0;
    background: transparent;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--note-divider);
    border-left: 0;
    font-size: 0.76rem;
    line-height: 1.45;
  }

  .paper h1,
  .paper h2,
  #refs { clear: right; }

  /* The script promotes each individual note from the block-local fallback
     into the margin rail and measures its own reference line. */
  .paper.sidenotes-line-anchored {
    min-height: var(--sidenote-min-height, 0);
  }

  .paper.sidenotes-line-anchored .footnotes-end-of-block {
    float: none;
    clear: none;
    width: 0;
    height: 0;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    overflow: visible;
    border: 0;
  }

  .paper.sidenotes-line-anchored .footnotes-end-of-block ol {
    height: 0;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    overflow: visible;
  }

  .paper.sidenotes-line-anchored .footnotes-end-of-block li {
    position: absolute;
    z-index: 1;
    top: var(--sidenote-top, 0);
    right: 1rem;
    display: list-item;
    width: calc(var(--sidenote-width) - 1.45rem);
    margin: 0 0 0.8rem;
    padding: 0.35rem 0 0;
    list-style-position: outside;
    border: 0;
  }

  .paper.sidenotes-line-anchored .footnotes-end-of-block li::after {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    right: 0;
    left: -1.45rem;
    content: "";
    border-top: 1px solid var(--note-divider);
    pointer-events: none;
  }

  .paper.sidenotes-line-anchored h1,
  .paper.sidenotes-line-anchored h2,
  .paper.sidenotes-line-anchored #refs { clear: none; }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
}

@media screen and (max-width: 58rem) {
  .publication-layout { display: block; padding-top: 1.4rem; }
  .site-actions .contents-link { display: inline-flex; }
  .navigation-enhanced .site-actions .contents-link { display: none; }
  .navigation-enhanced .site-actions .contents-toggle { display: inline-flex; }
  .contents {
    position: fixed;
    z-index: 40;
    inset: 0 0 0 auto;
    display: none;
    width: min(28rem, calc(100% - 1.5rem));
    max-height: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding:
      env(safe-area-inset-top, 0)
      calc(1.35rem + env(safe-area-inset-right, 0))
      calc(1.5rem + env(safe-area-inset-bottom, 0))
      calc(1.35rem + env(safe-area-inset-left, 0));
    overflow-y: auto;
    overscroll-behavior: contain;
    color: var(--graphite);
    background: var(--paper);
    border: 0;
    border-left: 1px solid var(--hairline);
    box-shadow: -1rem 0 2.5rem var(--shadow-panel);
    font-size: 0.86rem;
  }
  .contents:target,
  .contents.is-open { display: block; }
  .contents-header {
    position: sticky;
    z-index: 1;
    top: 0;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.7rem;
    padding: 1rem 0 0.8rem;
    background: var(--paper);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--hairline);
  }
  .contents-label { margin: 0; }
  .contents-close-link,
  .contents-close {
    padding: 0.42rem 0.62rem;
    color: var(--graphite);
    background: transparent;
    border: 1px solid var(--graphite);
    border-radius: 0.15rem;
    font: 650 0.72rem/1.2 system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;
    text-decoration: none;
    cursor: pointer;
  }
  .contents-close-link { display: inline-flex; }
  .navigation-enhanced .contents-close-link { display: none; }
  .navigation-enhanced .contents-close { display: inline-flex; }
  .contents > ul { columns: 1; }
  .contents:target + .contents-scrim,
  .contents.is-open + .contents-scrim {
    position: fixed;
    z-index: 30;
    inset: 0;
    display: block;
    background: var(--scrim);
  }
  html.contents-menu-open,
  html:has(.contents:target) { overflow: hidden; }

  .paper.mobile-footnote-disclosures .footnotes-end-of-block { display: none; }
  .paper.mobile-footnote-disclosures .footnotes-end-of-block.has-open-footnote {
    display: block;
  }
  .paper.mobile-footnote-disclosures .footnotes-end-of-block li {
    display: none;
  }
  .paper.mobile-footnote-disclosures .footnotes-end-of-block li.is-open {
    display: list-item;
  }
  .paper.mobile-footnote-disclosures .footnote-ref[aria-expanded="true"] sup {
    color: var(--paper);
    background: var(--link);
    border-radius: 0.15rem;
  }
  .paper { box-shadow: none; }
}

@media screen and (max-width: 42rem) {
  :root { font-size: 112.5%; }
  .site-bar { gap: 0.65rem; }
  .site-mark { flex: 1 1 auto; min-width: 0; line-height: 1.15; }
  .site-mark-full { display: none; }
  .site-mark-phone { display: inline; }
  .site-actions { flex: 0 0 auto; gap: 0.45rem; }
  .site-actions a:not(.download-link):not(.contents-link):not(.summary-link):not(.feedback-link):not(.full-paper-link) { display: none; }
  .site-actions .download-link { font-size: 0; }
  .site-actions .download-link::after { content: "PDF"; font-size: 0.76rem; }
  .publication-layout { padding-left: 0; padding-right: 0; }
  .paper { padding-left: 1.15rem; padding-right: 1.15rem; }
  .title-page { min-height: auto; }
  #fig\:four-phase-transition {
    overflow-x: auto;
    overscroll-behavior-inline: contain;
    scrollbar-width: thin;
  }
  #fig\:four-phase-transition img {
    display: block;
    width: 46rem;
    max-width: none;
  }
  #fig\:four-phase-transition figcaption {
    position: sticky;
    left: 0;
    width: calc(100vw - 2.3rem);
  }
}

@media print {
  .site-bar, .contents, .skip-link { display: none; }
  .publication-layout, .paper {
    display: block;
    width: auto;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    background: transparent;
    box-shadow: none;
  }
  .paper::before { display: none; }
  .footnotes-end-of-block {
    display: block;
    float: none;
    width: auto;
    margin: 0.5rem 0 0.8rem 1rem;
    padding: 0 0 0 0.65rem;
    background: transparent;
    border-top: 0;
    border-left: 1px solid var(--print-border);
    break-inside: avoid;
  }
  .footnote-back { display: none; }
  a { color: inherit; }
}